MD5 is one in a series of message digest algorithms designed by Professor Ronald Rivest of MIT (Rivest, 1992). ( Hans Dobbertin did indeed later find weaknesses in MD4.) When analytic work indicated that MD5's predecessor MD4 was likely to be insecure, Rivest designed MD5 in 1991 as a secure replacement. Minions! You know them, even if you don’t want to. The banana-yellow, denim-clad, booger-shaped thingamabobs are so popular that they’ve overtaken the film franchise in which they originated. They’ve had their images stitched onto every piece of merchandise possible- sanctioned or not-and probably make up the bulk of those memes your one relative won’t stop posting on Facebook. They’re agents of chaos, and their latest film, Minions: The Rise of Gru, just broke the box-office record for a debut over the Fourth of July weekend.īecause of course it did. Children can’t get enough of the Minions, which are essentially toddlers themselves, needy and nonsensical in their babbling but sweet and vulnerable. Teenagers are nostalgic for them the Minions began their dominance 12 years ago, with the release of Despicable Me. And adults can enjoy the vocal performances of a stacked cast, including Alan Arkin, Julie Andrews, Michelle Yeoh, and Taraji P. Take it from Steve Carell, who plays Gru, the Minions’ boss: “They are the Three Stooges, the Marx Brothers,” he said in an interview.

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